a, \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)

b, \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{10}{40}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{CuCl_2}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,125.98=12,25\left(g\right)\)

c, \(C_{M_{CuCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,125}{0,1}=1,25\left(M\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{10}{40}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

a) PTHH : \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)

                   0,125<-----0,25---------------------->0,125

b) \(m_{Kt}=m_{Cu\left(OH\right)2}=0,125.98=12,25\left(g\right)\)

c) \(C_{MCuCl2}=\dfrac{0,125}{0,1}=1,25\left(M\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{10}{40}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

\(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)

0,125       0,25                0,125         0,25

\(m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,125.98=12,25\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{M\left(CuCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,125}{0,1}=1,25\left(M\right)\)

PTHH: \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)

            \(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuCl_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,4}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) CuCl₂ còn dư

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{CuO}=n_{CuCl_2\left(dư\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO}=0,2\cdot80=16\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2+0,2}=1\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{CuCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5\left(M\right)\\\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{98.5\%}{98}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\\ n_{CuSO_4}=n_{CuO}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{CuO}=0,05.80=4\left(g\right)\\ b,m_{CuSO_4}=0,05.160=8\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddCuSO_4}=98+4=102\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddCuSO_4}=\dfrac{8}{102}.100\approx7,843\%\)

Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
nFe = 5,6/56 = 0,1 mol
=>nH2 = 0,1 mol
=> VH2= 0,1*22,4= 2,24 lít

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl₂ + H₂

          0,1-->0,2------------------>0,1

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{15\%}=\dfrac{146}{3}\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{CuSO_4}=2.0,34=0,68(mol)\\ a,CuSO_4+2NaOH\to Na_2SO_4+Cu(OH)_2\downarrow\\ Cu(OH)_2\xrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Cu(OH)_2}=0,68(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu(OH)_2}=0,68.98=66,64(g)\\ b,n_{CuO}=0,68(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,68.80=54,4(g)\\ c,V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{200}{1,25}=160(ml)\\ n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200.32\%}{100\%.40}=1,6(mol)\)

Vì \(\dfrac{n_{CuSO_4}}{1}<\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{2}\) nên \(NaOH\) dư

\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH(dư)}=1,6-0,68.2=0,24(mol); n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,68(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} C_{M_{NaOH(dư)}}=\dfrac{0,24}{0,16}=1,5M\\ C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,68}{0,16}=4,25M \end{cases}\)

`a)PTHH:`

`Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl_2 + H_2`

`0,3`    `0,6`          `0,3`     `0,3`       `(mol)`

`n_[Fe]=[22,4]/56=0,4(mol)`

`n_[HCl]=0,3.2=0,6(mol)`

Ta có:`[0,4]/1 > [0,6]/2`

   `=>Fe` dư

`b)m_[FeCl_2]=0,3.127=38,1(g)`

`c)m_[Fe(dư)]=(0,4-0,3).56=5,6(g)`

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{22,4}{56}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,6}{2}\) 
=> Fe dư 
\(n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ m_{FeCl_2}=0,3.127=38,1\left(g\right)\\ n_{Fe\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Fe\left(d\right)}=\left(0,4-0,3\right).56=5,6\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{22,4}{56}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

       \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

Xét: \(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,6}{2}\)                            ( mol )

         0,3      0,6          0,3               ( mol )

\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,3.127=38,1\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,4-0,3\right).56=5,6\left(g\right)\)

a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

b+c) Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,2\cdot127=25,4\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

d) Số phân tử H₂: \(0,2\cdot6\cdot10^{23}=1,2\cdot10^{23}\left(phân.tử\right)\)

e) 

+) Cách 1: Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,4\cdot36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)

+) Cách 2:

Ta có: \(m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(g\right)\) 

Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{HCl}=m_{FeCl_2}+m_{H_2}-m_{Fe}=14,6\left(g\right)\)

a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ --> MgSO₄ + H₂

           0,1---->0,1------->0,1---->0,1

=> \(m_{dd.H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{4,9\%}=200\left(g\right)\)

b) m_{dd sau pư} = 2,4 + 200 - 0,1.2 = 202,2 (g)

m_MgSO4 = 0,1.120 = 12 (g)

\(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{12}{202,2}.100\%=5,9\%\)

c) 

\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + H₂ --t^o--> Cu + H₂O

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,25}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo H₂

\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + H₂ --t^o--> Cu + H₂O

                      0,05<-----0,05

=> \(H=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}.100\%=50\%\)

a, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ ---> MgSO₄ + H₂

           0,1--->0,1---------->0,1-------->0,1

\(m_{dd\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{4,9\%}=200\left(g\right)\)

b, \(m_{dd\left(sau.pư\right)}=2,4+200-0,2.2=202,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{202,2}.100\%=5,93\%\)

c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + H₂ --t^o--> Cu + H₂O

LTL: 0,25 > 0,1 => CuO dư

\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

Theo pt: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Cu}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(H=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}.100\%=50\%\)